se2001_2026T2_Q1_NA.pdf
System Commands(SC) · Quiz 1 · May 2026
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Questions and published explanations below are available without starting a test. Some questions may not have a published solution yet.
Question 2 NAT · 3.0 marks
A Linux-like file system uses **index nodes (inodes)** to manage files. A newly formatted volume has
10,000 free inodes. A user performs the following sequential actions:
1. A directory named [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_2_2]] is created.
2. Inside [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_2_3]] , a script creates a single large data file named [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_2_4]] .
3. The script then successfully creates [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_2_5]] **hard links** to [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_2_6]] within the same
directory, each with a unique name.
4. Finally, the script successfully creates [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_2_7]] **symbolic (soft) links**, each pointing to
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_2_8]] .
Assume each symbolic link occupies its own inode and hard links do not allocate new inodes.
Assuming no other processes are writing to the volume, what is the total number of **free**
**inodes** remaining on the volume after these actions are completed?
A published solution is not available for this question yet.
Question 3 MSQ · 3.0 marks
A system administrator is configuring a shared project directory. The requirements for three
specific system objects are defined as follows:
1. [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_3_9]] : The owner can only read and write to it. Members of the group can only read
it. Everyone else has no access.
2. [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_3_10]] : Anyone on the system can read and execute it, but only the owner can modify it.
3. [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_3_11]] : It is a directory. The owner and group members have read, write, and execute
permissions on it. External users ("others") have execute permission only, allowing them to
access known files without listing the directory contents.
Which of the following lines matches the correct [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_3_12]] output for these objects?
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_3_13]]
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_3_14]]
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_3_15]]
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_3_16]]
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_3_17]]
A published solution is not available for this question yet.
Question 4 MSQ · 3.0 marks
A file named [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_3_18]] contains the following four raw text lines:
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_4_19]]
An administrator uses different variations of regular expressions to extract specific log entries.
Which of the following statements is/are **TRUE** regarding the execution and matching behavior of
these commands?
The command [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_4_20]] will successfully
match and output the line [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_4_21]] .
To make standard [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_4_22]] match the same lines as
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_4_23]] , the pattern can be rewritten as:
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_4_24]] .
The command [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_4_25]] will match
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_4_26]] and [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_4_27]] , but will exclude [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_4_28]] .
The command [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_4_29]] will output nothing
because word boundary assertions ( [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_4_30]] ) are only supported in Extended Regular Expressions (
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_4_31]] ).
A published solution is not available for this question yet.
Question 5 MSQ · 3.0 marks
You have created a file named [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_4_32]] that contains the following filenames:
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_4_33]]
You want to extract only the lines that contain [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_4_34]] and [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_4_35]] (but not [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_4_36]]
or [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_5_37]] ).
Which of the following grep commands will correctly achieve this?
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_5_38]]
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_5_39]]
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_5_40]]
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_5_41]]
A published solution is not available for this question yet.
Question 6 MCQ · 3.0 marks
A system directory contains the following list of files:
• [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_5_42]]
• [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_5_43]]
• [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_5_44]]
• [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_5_45]]
• [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_5_46]]
An administrator wants to process a specific subset of these files using the following command:
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_5_47]]
Which of the following statements correctly describes which files are matched by this command
and why?
It matches only [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_6_48]] because the [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_6_49]] wildcard acts as a quantifier
requiring exactly two digits total.
It matches [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_6_50]] and [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_6_51]] because the [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_6_52]] wildcard
matches any sequence of characters (including empty strings) following the first two digits.
It matches [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_6_53]] , [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_6_54]] , and [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_6_55]]
because wildcards match files based only on the prefix before the first bracket.
It matches [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_6_56]] , [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_6_57]] , and [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_6_58]]
because [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_6_59]] matches any single alphanumeric character.
A published solution is not available for this question yet.
Question 7 MCQ · 3.0 marks
A DevOps engineer is configuring secure, passwordless SSH access from a local administration
workstation to a remote Linux cloud server. Which of the following operations is correctly
described regarding the placement and management of the keys?
The private key must be appended to the [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_6_60]] file on
the remote server so it can decrypt incoming client challenges.
Both the public and private keys must be copied to the remote server's
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_6_61]] directory to establish trusted mutual identity.
The public key must be securely transferred and appended to the
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_6_62]] file on the remote server, while the private key remains exclusively on
the local workstation.
The private key is automatically deleted from the local workstation by the
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_6_63]] utility once the matching public key is uploaded to the destination server.
A published solution is not available for this question yet.
Question 8 MCQ · 3.0 marks
Match the following Vi/Vim and Emacs commands to their correct functionality.
**Vi / Vim Commands**
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_7_64]]
**Emacs Commands**
Note: Here, [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_7_65]] means the [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_7_66]] key and [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_7_67]] means the [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_7_68]] (Meta) key.
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_7_69]]
Which of the following option combinations is correct?
**Vi:** 1-C, 2-D, 3-B, 4-A **| Emacs:** 1-B, 2-D, 3-A, 4-C
**Vi:** 1-C, 2-D, 3-A, 4-B **| Emacs:** 1-B, 2-A, 3-D, 4-C
**Vi:** 1-D, 2-C, 3-B, 4-A **| Emacs:** 1-C, 2-D, 3-A, 4-B
**Vi:** 1-D, 2-C, 3-A, 4-B **| Emacs:** 1-C, 2-A, 3-D, 4-B
A published solution is not available for this question yet.
Question 9 MCQ · 3.0 marks
A system administrator writes a maintenance script named [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_7_70]] . They attempt to run
the script with the following redirection setup in the terminal:
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_7_71]]
What is the operational outcome of executing this specific command?
Both standard output ( [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_8_72]] ) and standard error ( [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_8_73]] ) are appended to
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_8_74]] because both redirections use the same filename.
The command results in a syntax error because the same file cannot be used
for multiple redirections in a single command.
Both [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_8_75]] and [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_8_76]] are redirected to [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_8_77]] , but the file is
opened independently for each file descriptor. As a result, output from the two streams may
interleave, overwrite portions of each other, or appear in an unpredictable order.
The shell detects that both streams target the same file and automatically
treats the command as [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_8_78]] .
A published solution is not available for this question yet.
Question 10 MCQ · 3.0 marks
You want to perform an automated network diagnostics sequence with the following constraints:
1. Run a primary connection test script [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_8_79]] .
2. **If and only if it fails**, run an intensive route tracing script [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_8_80]] .
3. From the output of [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_8_81]] , extract **only** the lines containing the word [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_8_82]] .
4. Save those filtered lines to a file named [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_8_83]] .
Which command combination is correct?
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_8_84]]
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_8_85]]
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_8_86]]
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_8_87]]
A published solution is not available for this question yet.
Question 11 MCQ · 3.0 marks
Which of the following commands will print lines 8 to 15 (inclusive) from the top of a file named
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_9_88]] ?
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_9_89]]
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_9_90]]
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_9_91]]
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_9_92]]
A published solution is not available for this question yet.
Question 12 MCQ · 3.0 marks
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_9_93]]
The above command is used to
retrieve information about a domain name, such as its server and IP address.
looks up the number of pings to the domain name "google.com".
Gets the DNS of the domain on google.com
none of these
A published solution is not available for this question yet.
Question 13 MCQ · 3.0 marks
An operator attempts to run a critical update sequence on a production server using the following
two independent commands:
• **Command 1:** [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_9_94]]
• **Command 2:** [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_10_95]]
After running both commands, the engineer notices that [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_10_96]] **did not execute**, but
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_10_97]] **did execute**.
Based on the short-circuit behavior of shell operators, what can be definitively concluded about
the exit statuses of the initial scripts ( [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_10_98]] and [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_10_99]] )?
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_10_100]] exited with a success status (0), and [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_10_101]]
exited with a failure status (non-zero).
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_10_102]] exited with a failure status (non-zero), and
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_10_103]] exited with a success status (0).
Both [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_10_104]] and [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_10_105]] exited with a success status
(0).
Both [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_10_106]] and [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_10_107]] exited with a failure status
(non-zero).
A published solution is not available for this question yet.
Question 14 MSQ · 4.0 marks
**File:** [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_10_108]]
Note: Answer this question only based on the file contents given below.
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_10_109]] Contents:
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_11_110]]
You want to find all lines that **start exactly with** [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_11_111]] **(lowercase only)** and **end with a 4-**
**digit port number that specifically begins with** [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_11_112]] (i.e., ports in the range [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_11_113]] to [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_11_114]] ).
Which of the following commands will correctly print all and only the required lines?
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_11_115]]
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_11_116]]
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_11_117]]
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_11_118]]
A published solution is not available for this question yet.
Question 15 MCQ · 4.0 marks
Consider the following standard IPv4 address class ranges:
• Class A: [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_11_119]]
• Class B: [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_11_120]]
• Class C: [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_12_121]]
• Loopback: [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_12_122]]
A file named [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_12_123]] contains a list of various IP addresses. You want to extract **only the lines**
**containing Class B IP addresses** based strictly on their first octet value (ranging from 128 to 191).
Which of the following commands will correctly filter and print these lines?
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_12_124]]
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_12_125]]
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_12_126]]
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_12_127]]
A published solution is not available for this question yet.
Question 16 MSQ · 3.0 marks
Assume you are in your home directory [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_12_128]] , and the current directory structure is:
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_12_129]]
You always start executing each question from the base directory [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_12_130]] .
Note: Both questions are to be answered independently, based solely on the directory structure provided
above.
Based on the above data, answer the given subquestions.
You want to perform the following operations:
1. Create a new nested directory path named [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_13_131]] directly inside [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_13_132]] .
2. Create an empty file named [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_13_133]] inside that new [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_13_134]]
directory.
3. Inside the [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_13_135]] directory, create nine new empty test files named [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_13_136]] , [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_13_137]] ,
... up to [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_13_138]] .
Which of the following command sets will perform all the above operations correctly?
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_13_139]]
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_13_140]]
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_14_141]]
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_14_142]]
A published solution is not available for this question yet.
Question 17 MCQ · 3.0 marks
Assume you are in your home directory [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_12_128]] , and the current directory structure is:
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_12_129]]
You always start executing each question from the base directory [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_12_130]] .
Note: Both questions are to be answered independently, based solely on the directory structure provided
above.
Based on the above data, answer the given subquestions.
An engineer executes the following command sequence in their terminal, starting from
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_14_143]] :
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_14_144]]
Which of the following statements correctly describes the final outcome and system state after
these commands are run?
The [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_14_145]] file is moved to [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_14_146]] , the empty [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_14_147]] directory is
successfully deleted, and [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_14_148]] lists [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_14_149]] .
The command sequence throws a syntax error on the first line because
[[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_14_150]] must be specified as an absolute path.
A copy of [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_14_151]] is created in [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_14_152]] , but the [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_14_153]] command fails
with an error because the [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_14_154]] directory still contains the original file.
The entire [[IMAGE:4eab6f0ab6fc9534_14_155]] directory and its contents are forcefully removed, leaving
ouild
ae completely empty.
A published solution is not available for this question yet.