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Reinforcement Learning · End Term · May 2024 · AN

Reinforcement Learning · End Term · May 2024 AN

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Question 148 MCQ · 0.0 marks

**Note:** For numerical answer type questions, enter your answer correct upto two decimal places without rounding up or off unless stated otherwise.
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Instructions has been mentioned above.
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This Instructions is just for a reference & not for an evaluation.

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Question 149 MCQ · 2.0 marks

Consider following assertion reason pair: **Assertion:** Reinforcement learning is a type of unsupervised learning algorithm as both don’t have correct labels. **Reason:** In unsupervised learning, a reward like quantity is not maximized.
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Assertion and Reason are both true and Reason is a correct explanation of Assertion.
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Assertion and Reason are both true and Reason is not a correct explanation of Assertion.
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Assertion is true but Reason is false.
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Assertion is false but Reason is true.

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Question 150 MCQ · 2.0 marks

Which of these statements is true regarding the rewards obtained in an MDP?
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Question 151 MCQ · 2.0 marks

Consider a reinforcement learning agent trying to balance a pole in a continuous environment. The agent receives a reward of +1 for each time step the pole remains balanced and 0 otherwise. Which of the following statements accurately describes the differences between Monte Carlo and Temporal Difference (TD) learning in this scenario?
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Monte Carlo methods update the value function based on complete episodes, while TD methods update after each step.
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TD methods are guaranteed to converge to the optimal policy, while Monte Carlo methods may not converge.
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Monte Carlo methods are less sensitive to the choice of the discount factor compared to TD methods.
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TD methods are more effective in environments with high variance and stochasticity compared to Monte Carlo methods.
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None of these.

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Question 152 MCQ · 2.0 marks

Consider a reinforcement learning agent learning to control a robotic arm in a simulated environment. The agent receives a reward of +1 for successfully placing an object in target location and 0 otherwise. Which of the following statements accurately describes a difference between SARSA and Q-learning in this scenario?
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SARSA updates its action-value function using the action taken in the next state, while Q-learning updates its action-value function using the maximum action-value across all possible actions in the next state.
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SARSA is less sensitive to the choice of policy compared to Q-learning, making it more robust in environments with frequent changes.
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SARSA converges more quickly than Q-learning in environments with high reward variance.
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Q-learning is inherently more computationally efficient than SARSA due to fewer updates required per episode.
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None of these.

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Question 153 MCQ · 2.0 marks

In Q-learning, what is the impact of maximization bias on the algorithm’s performance, especially in environments with noisy or stochastic rewards?
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Maximization bias can lead to an overestimation of action values, causing the algorithm to favor suboptimal actions and potentially delaying convergence to the optimal policy.
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Maximization bias tends to enhance the algorithm’s performance by consistently selecting actions with higher estimated values, leading to quicker convergence.
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Maximization bias may result in excessive exploration, allowing the algorithm to discover better strategies in environments with highly variable rewards.
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Maximization bias typically has a minor effect on the performance of Q- learning, as the exploration process naturally mitigates its influence over time.
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None of these.

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Question 154 MCQ · 2.0 marks

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Question 155 MCQ · 2.0 marks

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Question 156 MCQ · 2.0 marks

What key issue in standard DQN does the dueling architecture seek to address?
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The problem of ensuring faster convergence in environments with high- dimensional state spaces.
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The challenge of distinguishing between actions in environments with a large number of potential moves.
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The inefficiency in accurately evaluating actions that do not significantly affect the overall value of the state.
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The difficulty in learning effective value functions when rewards are sparse and infrequent.
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None of these.

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Question 157 MCQ · 2.0 marks

Which of the following best captures the key difference between policy gradient methods and Q- learning in reinforcement learning?
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Policy gradient methods directly optimize the policy by computing gradients of the expected reward, while Q-learning indirectly improves the policy by learning a value function that estimates the expected rewards for actions.
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Q-learning focuses on optimizing the policy parameters directly, while policy gradient methods estimate the action-value function to guide policy improvement.
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Policy gradient methods require a model of the environment’s dynamics to compute gradients, while Q-learning does not rely on any such model.
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Q-learning is used primarily for continuous action spaces, while policy gradient methods are better suited for discrete action spaces.
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None of these.

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Question 158 MCQ · 2.0 marks

Consider following assertion reason pair: **Assertion:** A3C can provide better performance compared to A2C, provided the updates are small enough. **Reason:** In A2C, if a thread runs for a long time, other threads have to wait for it to finish.
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Assertion and Reason are both true and Reason is a correct explanation of Assertion.
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Assertion and Reason are both true and Reason is not a correct explanation of Assertion.
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Assertion is true but Reason is false.
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Assertion is false but Reason is true.

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Question 159 MCQ · 2.0 marks

What role do ”meta-policies” play in Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning?
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They define the specific actions to take in each state.
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They manage the high-level decisions and selection of subtasks.
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They directly compute the rewards for each subtask.
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They optimize the low-level action policies.
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None of these.

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Question 160 MCQ · 2.0 marks

In HRL, what is a ”subtask” typically used for?
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To evaluate the performance of the overall policy
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To execute the final decision made by the high-level policy
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To break down complex tasks into more manageable components
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To directly interact with the environment and collect rewards
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None of these.

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Question 161 MCQ · 2.0 marks

How does HRL handle long-term dependencies in tasks?
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By using recurrent neural networks (RNNs)
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By focusing on immediate rewards only
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By leveraging hierarchical structures to manage dependencies
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By reducing the state space through dimensionality reduction
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None of these.

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Question 162 MCQ · 2.0 marks

What is a common challenge when implementing HRL in practice?
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Finding suitable reward functions for all levels
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Scaling the approach to very large state spaces
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Ensuring the subtasks are independent of each other
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Integrating HRL with existing non-hierarchical methods
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None of these.

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Question 163 MCQ · 2.0 marks

Choose the correct formula for UCT:
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Question 164 MSQ · 2.0 marks

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Question 165 MSQ · 2.0 marks

Select the correct statements about Generalized Policy Iteration (GPI).
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GPI lets policy evaluation and policy improvement interact with each other regardless of the details of the two processes.
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At the end of evaluation, the policy is not greedy with respect to the value function computed
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GPI converges only when a policy has been found which is greedy with respect to its own value function.
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The policy and value function found by GPI at convergence will both be optimal.
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None of these.

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Question 166 NAT · 2.0 marks

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Question 167 NAT · 2.0 marks

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Question 168 NAT · 4.0 marks

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Question 169 NAT · 4.0 marks

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Question 170 NAT · 4.0 marks

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