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ms4001_2026T1_Q1_NA.pdf

Industry 4.0 · Quiz 1 · Jan 2026

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Questions and published explanations below are available without starting a test. Some questions may not have a published solution yet.

Question 2 MCQ · 2.0 marks

Pranjal is shopping in a departmental store. He has a list of items which he prepared at home itself. He picked a few packets of tea as part of his list. He could see coffee packets and milk- powder packets in the neighbouring shelves. He picked a few milk-powder packets, however these are not part of his list. He was searching for Good-day biscuits. He could identify only one packet in the shelf remaining. However, there were lot of Sun-fist biscuits lying in the next shelf. So he picked ten Sun-fist packets. Now map the scenarios with the items below: [[IMAGE:84af80beef57f045_3_2]]
Source diagram or notation
  1. P1-S1, P2-S3, P3-S4
  2. P1-S2, P2-S1, P3-S3
  3. P1-S2, P2-S1, P3-S4

Published solution

**1. Concept:** Substitutes can replace each other. Complements are used together. Inventory-dependent demand means buying one item because another is out of stock. **2. Map each pair:** - P1 Tea : Coffee are alternatives for each other, so **S2 (Substitution)**. - P2 Tea : milk-powder are used together, so **S1 (Complementary)**. - P3 Good-day : Sun-fist: Pranjal buys Sun-fist because Good-day is almost out of stock, so **S3 (Inventory dependent demand)**. **3. Conclude:** P1-S2, P2-S1, P3-S3. Answer: B — P1-S2, P2-S1, P3-S3. A: **Incorrect:** P1 is substitution (S2), not complementary (S1). B: **Correct:** Tea and coffee are substitutes, tea and milk-powder are complements, and Sun-fist is bought because of low stock. C: **Incorrect:** P3 is driven by stock-out of Good-day (S3), not impulse buying.

Question 3 NAT · 1.5 marks

A factory works for two 8-hour shifts each day and produces a total of 30,000 electric bulbs using a set of workstations. There are 8 activities required to manufacture the bulb, such that the sum of all activity times is equal to 12 seconds. Based on the above data, answer the given subquestions.
What is the cycle time (in seconds) at any workstations? (round your answer to one decimal)

    Published solution

    **1. Given:** Two 8-hour shifts, so total time per day \(=2\times8\times3600=57{,}600\) s. Output \(=30{,}000\) bulbs. **2. Formula:** Cycle time \(=\frac{\text{available time}}{\text{output}}\). **3. Calculate:** \[ CT=\frac{57600}{30000}=1.92\approx1.9\text{ s} \] Answer: \(1.9\) seconds.

    Question 4 NAT · 1.5 marks

    A factory works for two 8-hour shifts each day and produces a total of 30,000 electric bulbs using a set of workstations. There are 8 activities required to manufacture the bulb, such that the sum of all activity times is equal to 12 seconds. Based on the above data, answer the given subquestions.
    What is the theoretical minimum number of workstations required?

      Published solution

      **1. Formula:** Theoretical minimum number of workstations \(=\frac{\sum t}{CT}\), rounded up. **2. Calculate:** Total activity time is 12 s and \(CT=1.92\) s: \[ \frac{12}{1.92}=6.25\;\Rightarrow\;7 \] **3. Conclude:** We round up because stations cannot be fractional. Answer: \(7\).

      Question 5 MSQ · 1.0 marks

      Identify the examples for Offshoring from the list below:
      1. Micron Technology, a US based semiconductor giant, setting up a Supply Chain Analytics team, in India.
      2. Micron signs an agreement with Taiwan based TSMC Co., to manufacture silicon wafer for their ICs.
      3. Western Australia’s electricity network agency assigns Tata Consultancy Services at Pune, to support it with an overhaul of its legacy IT systems, aimed at delivering cheaper and more reliable power.
      4. Tata Motors assigns the manufacturing of its braking system to TACO group.

      A published solution is not available for this question yet.

      Question 6 MSQ · 1.0 marks

      Select the correct statements from below:
      1. Optimal solution in a facility location problem using Euclidean method will result in a region
      2. Optimal solution in a facility location problem using Euclidean method rarely matches the center of gravity
      3. Optimal solution in a facility location problem using Euclidean method will result in a point
      4. Optimal solution in a facility location problem using Euclidean method matches the center of gravity in not of the cases

      Published solution

      **1. Concept:** In the Euclidean (straight-line distance) single-facility location problem, we minimize the total weighted straight-line distance. The solution is a single point. **2. Compare with center of gravity:** The center of gravity minimizes the weighted squared distance, which is a different objective. So the two usually do not coincide, and only rarely match. **3. Check the options:** - Region: false, the solution is a point. - Rarely matches the center of gravity: true. - Result is a point: true. - 'Matches in none of the cases': false, since they sometimes match (for example, with one demand point). Answer: B, C — the optimal solution is a point and rarely matches the center of gravity. A: **Incorrect:** The optimal solution is a single point, not a region. B: **Correct:** The Euclidean optimum and the center of gravity minimize different objectives, so they rarely match. C: **Correct:** The Euclidean solution is a single point. D: **Incorrect:** They can match in some special cases, so 'none of the cases' is too strong (the wording of this option is also unclear).

      Question 7 MSQ · 1.0 marks

      Which of the following is an advantage of Process Layout?
      1. Low material handling
      2. Total production time per unit is small
      3. Low training cost for the operators
      4. It can accommodate high variety of products

      Published solution

      **1. Concept:** A process layout groups similar machines or functions together. It is flexible but has long, mixed routes. **2. Check:** Low material handling, short production time per unit and low training cost are advantages of a product layout, not of a process layout. Process layout needs skilled operators and has heavy movement of materials. **3. Conclude:** Its advantage is that it can handle a high variety of products. Answer: D — It can accommodate high variety of products. A: **Incorrect:** Process layout has high material handling because routes differ for each job. B: **Incorrect:** Process layout has long production time because jobs move between departments. C: **Incorrect:** Process layout needs skilled operators, so training cost is not low. D: **Correct:** Flexibility for many products is the main advantage of process layout.

      Question 8 NAT · 3.0 marks

      Rana Bakery, a company is using a layout which consists of 9 workstations. 200 sandwiches are produced in a day on this layout. A typical day consists of a single shift which runs for 10 hours. The sandwich-making process consists of 9 activities (the information is provided in the table below). [[IMAGE:84af80beef57f045_6_3]] What is the current efficiency of the line where each activity is performed on a separate workstation (Enter only the numerical value up to two decimal places without the “%” symbol. Example: if the answer is 99.756%” enter only “99.76”)?
      Source diagram or notation

        Published solution

        **1. Given:** 9 stations, each doing one activity. Output 200 sandwiches in 10 hours \(=36{,}000\) s. **2. Cycle time:** \(CT=\frac{36000}{200}=180\) s per sandwich. **3. Total work content:** \(20+10+60+40+20+5+5+15+5=180\) s. **4. Efficiency:** \[ \text{Efficiency}=\frac{\sum t}{N\times CT}=\frac{180}{9\times180}=0.1111=11.11\% \] Answer: \(11.11\).

        Question 9 MCQ · 1.0 marks

        The Production rate of an assembly line is determined by its
        1. Slowest station
        2. Fastest station
        3. Idle station
        4. None of these

        Published solution

        **1. Concept:** In an assembly line, every unit passes through all stations. The line can only move as fast as its slowest station (the bottleneck). **2. Conclude:** The production rate is set by the slowest station. Answer: A — Slowest station. A: **Correct:** The bottleneck sets the rate of the line. B: **Incorrect:** Faster stations must wait for the slowest one. C: **Incorrect:** An idle station does not set the rate. D: **Incorrect:** The slowest station is the answer.

        Question 10 MCQ · 1.0 marks

        Which of the following is an advantage of Product Layout?
        1. It can accommodate high variety of products
        2. Small in-process inventory
        3. High utilization of machines
        4. Low investment

        Published solution

        **1. Concept:** A product layout arranges machines in the order of operations, so work flows continuously from one station to the next. **2. Check:** This gives small in-process inventory. It handles only low variety, needs high investment, and machine utilization depends on balancing the line (some stations sit idle). **3. Conclude:** The advantage is small in-process inventory. Answer: B — Small in-process inventory. A: **Incorrect:** High variety is an advantage of a process layout. B: **Correct:** Continuous flow keeps work-in-process low. C: **Incorrect:** Utilization depends on line balancing and is not guaranteed to be high. D: **Incorrect:** A product layout needs high investment in dedicated equipment.

        Question 11 MCQ · 1.0 marks

        Select the appropriate layout for Quadrants A, B, D in the following figure: [[IMAGE:84af80beef57f045_7_4]]
        Source diagram or notation
        1. A: Group layout, B: Product layout , D: Process layout
        2. A: Product layout, B: Process layout , D: Group layout
        3. A: Process layout, B:Group layout , D: Product layout

        Published solution

        **1. Concept:** Layout depends on variety and volume. High variety with low volume suits a process layout. Low variety with high volume suits a product layout. Between them is the group layout. **2. Map the quadrants:** - A (high variety, low volume): process layout. - B (high variety, high volume): group layout. - D (low variety, high volume): product layout. **3. Conclude:** A: Process, B: Group, D: Product. Answer: C — A: Process layout, B: Group layout, D: Product layout. A: **Incorrect:** A needs a process layout, and D needs a product layout. B: **Incorrect:** A is not a product layout; B is not a process layout. C: **Correct:** A: Process, B: Group, D: Product matches the variety-volume chart.

        Question 12 MCQ · 1.0 marks

        Following is the layout from an aircraft manufacturing company. Identify the layout from the figure below. [[IMAGE:84af80beef57f045_7_5]]
        Source diagram or notation
        1. Product layout
        2. Process Layout
        3. Group layout
        4. Fixed position layout.

        Published solution

        **1. Concept:** In a fixed position layout, the large product stays in one place and workers, materials and equipment move to it. **2. Apply:** Aircraft are too large and complex to move through stations, so assembly takes place in a fixed location. **3. Conclude:** The layout is a fixed position layout. Answer: D — Fixed position layout. A: **Incorrect:** A product layout moves work along a line of stations. B: **Incorrect:** A process layout groups similar machines, not one large product. C: **Incorrect:** A group layout forms cells for families of parts. D: **Correct:** Large products like aircraft stay in one place during assembly.

        Question 13 MCQ · 1.0 marks

        Identify the Industry 4.0 version of transportation.
        1. IC engine
        2. Electric car
        3. Hyperloop

        Published solution

        **1. Concept:** Industry 4.0 means smart, connected, high-technology systems. **2. Compare:** IC engine is Industry 2.0/3.0 technology. An electric car is a modern but still conventional vehicle. A hyperloop is a new, highly automated and connected transport system. **3. Conclude:** The Industry 4.0 version of transportation is the hyperloop. Answer: C — Hyperloop. A: **Incorrect:** It is an older technology. B: **Incorrect:** It is a modern vehicle, but not the Industry 4.0 transport concept. C: **Correct:** The hyperloop is the advanced, smart transport system.

        Question 14 MCQ · 1.0 marks

        Select the layout which do not require general supervision:
        1. Product layout
        2. Process layout
        3. Group layout
        4. Fixed position layout

        A published solution is not available for this question yet.

        Question 15 MCQ · 1.0 marks

        Match Col A with Col B for landmark outcome of industrial era: [[IMAGE:84af80beef57f045_8_6]]
        Source diagram or notation
        1. 1.0:CNC, 2.0:Mass production, 3.0: Digitization, 4.0:Steam Engine
        2. 1.0:Steam Engine, 2.0:mass production, 3.0: digitization, 4.0:CNC
        3. 1.0:Steam Engine, 2.0:mass production, 3.0: CNC, 4.0: Digitization
        4. 1.0:Mass production, 2.0:Steam Engine, 3.0: digitization, 4.0:CNC

        Published solution

        **1. Recall the eras:** Industry 1.0 = steam engine (mechanization). Industry 2.0 = mass production (electricity, assembly lines). Industry 3.0 = automation (CNC, computers). Industry 4.0 = digitization (smart, connected systems). **2. Conclude:** 1.0: Steam Engine, 2.0: Mass production, 3.0: CNC, 4.0: Digitization. Answer: C — 1.0: Steam Engine, 2.0: Mass production, 3.0: CNC, 4.0: Digitization. A: **Incorrect:** Steam engine belongs to 1.0 and digitization to 4.0. B: **Incorrect:** CNC belongs to 3.0 and digitization to 4.0. C: **Correct:** Matches all four eras correctly. D: **Incorrect:** Mass production is 2.0 and steam engine is 1.0.

        Question 16 MSQ · 2.0 marks

        When will of the following scenarios, a facility layout problem is relevant?
        1. A new facility is added
        2. A new product is introduced
        3. A new service is introduced
        4. Shift in technology

        Published solution

        **1. Concept:** A facility layout problem arises whenever the arrangement of work areas needs to be decided or revised. **2. Check:** A new facility needs a layout. A new product or service changes the flow of work. A shift in technology changes equipment and flow. **3. Conclude:** All four scenarios make the layout problem relevant. Answer: A, B, C, D — all four scenarios. A: **Correct:** A new facility needs a layout. B: **Correct:** A new product changes the process flow. C: **Correct:** A new service changes the work flow. D: **Correct:** New technology changes equipment and flow.